Food & Health Alliance

Dishman, R. K.; Saunders, R. P.; Felton, G.; Ward, . S.; Dowda, M. & Pate, R. R.  Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia; Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of South Carolina and Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina.  (2006).

Longitudinal study, observational study that investigated changes in goal setting and physical activity participation for American black and white adolescent females.  These participants were part of experimental or control groups for the Lifestyle Education for Activity Program (LEAP). 

Method:  243 member of the intervention group and 200 members of the control group were sampled in 12^th grade (3 years after the intervention).  Measures included completion of a 3-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) diary.  A questionnaire addressed topics such as self-efficacy, perceived behavioural control, subjective norm, intention and goal setting behaviour. 

Findings:  Goal setting and satisfaction mediated relationships between self-efficacy and perceived behavioural control.  Direct relationship between changes in physical activity participation and changes goals, perceived behavioural control and intentions had an effect of 14%, therefore influencing the physical activity of 60 girls in the sample. 

Although black females rated lower than white females on a number of factors, changes and relationships between variables was not affected by race.  Results indicate that the relationships between a number of the factors and physical activity are independent. 

Suggestions:  Future research should assess specific aspects of goal setting, such as setting attainable goals or confidence about goal attainment.  It is suggested that by experimentally manipulating goal setting behaviours the commonly observed decline in physical activity may be reduced.

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